Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Definition: An analytical method that can detect subatomic and structural information of molecules by measuring the adsorption of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation by nuclei under the influence of a magnetic field.
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NMR works by applying a strong magnetic field (the stronger the field the higher the resolution) to a sample and then observing how the system adsorbs radio waves (typically of frequencey between 4 and 900 MHz). The magnet serves to induce quantized energy levels within the nuclei being studied. These energy levels can then adsorb a specific frequency of electromagnetic radiation, resulting in a switch in the spin of the nucleus. NMR has been used to carry out quantum computation.

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) operates on a the same principle, but uses the adsorption of microwaves by electrons within a strong magnetic field.

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